医药学论文:原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全手术方法的选择
【摘要】 目的 观察不同手术方法治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效。方法 150例(240条肢体)经顺行静脉造影证实为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者分为A、B、C 3组,每组80条患肢。A组行股浅静脉瓣膜外戴戒术,B组行股浅静脉瓣膜外修补术,C组行腘静脉半腱肌-股二头肌肌襻代瓣膜术,3组均同时行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加交通支结扎术。以CEAP临床分级与临床记分评价疗效。结果 3组术后临床记分呈不同程度下降:A组中C2~C4者手术效果较好;B组中C2~C5者手术效果较好;C组中C2~C6者手术效果较好;A、B、C 3组手术效果比较,对C2~C4者,3组无明显差异;对C5者,B、C组无明显差异,但A组效果较差;对C6者,C组效果较好,但A、B组效果较差。结论 原发性股浅静脉瓣膜功能不全的手术治疗,应依据深静脉瓣膜功能不全的程度决定手术方式。
【关键词】 原发性股浅静脉瓣膜功能不全;瓣膜外戴戒术;瓣膜外修补术;腘静脉半腱肌-股二头肌肌襻代瓣膜术
The selection for operation method in treatment of primary deep venous insufficiency
【Abstract】 Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of different operation methods in the treatment of primary deep venous insufficiency (PDVI).Methods Two hundred and forty lower limbs in one hundred and fifty patients who were proved to be PDVI by ascending venography were divided into Group A(80 limbs),Group B(80 limbs) and Group C(80 limbs).Patients of Group A were treated with the encircling constriction of venous wall at the first valve of superficial femoral veins.Patients of Group B were treated with the surgical repair outside the incompetent valve of superficial femoral veins.Patients of Group C were treated with the semitendinosus-biceps femoris substitute valve operation outside the popliteal vein.And they were also treated with the high ligation and ablation of great saphenous vein,ablation of superficial veins and ligation of perforator veins at the same time.Ascending CEAP classification and clinical scoring were proceeded from two months to six years after operation to evaluate the effect of the operation.Results The difference between preoperative and postoperative scores of Group A,Group B and Group C were remarkable(Group A,P<0.01;Group B,P<0.01;Group C,P<0.01).To C2~C4,there were no apparent difference among three groups.To C5,the therapeutic effect of Group A was bad.To C6,the therapeutic effect of Group C was fairly good.Conclusion The selection for operation method in the treatment of PDVI should be based on degree of deep venous insufficiency.
【Key words】 primary deep venous insufficiency;encircling constriction of venous wall;surgical repair outside the incompetent valve;semitendinosus-biceps femoris substitute valve operation outside the popliteal vein
本文总结1990~2005年5月我院明确诊断为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全(primary deep venous insufficiency,PDVI)[1]的住院患者150例(240条肢体),通过术前、术后CEAP临床分级与临床记分比较,评价不同术式对PDVI的治疗效果。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 150例患者,男97例,女53例,年龄(32~81)岁,中位年龄57岁。共240条肢体,左下肢144条,右下肢96条,均有大隐静脉曲张,可伴有患肢酸痛、水肿、皮肤色素沉着、脂质硬变或靴区溃疡等症状。所有患肢的顺行性静脉造影加Valsalva试验可见股浅静脉瓣膜功能不全,且均有倒流。所有病例根据手术方式不同随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组80条患肢。A组行股浅静脉瓣膜外戴戒术[2],B组行股浅静脉瓣膜外修补术[3],C组行腘静脉半腱肌-股二头肌肌襻代瓣膜术[4],三组均同时行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加筋膜下交通支结扎术。
1.2 手术方法
1.2.1 瓣膜外戴戒术 游离股浅静脉,在股浅静脉近侧找出第一对瓣膜,指压试验测试并证明其瓣膜功能不全,同时测量该处股浅静脉周长。用切除剥脱的大隐静脉壁一段,宽约1.5~2cm,长为所测周长的2/3,以7-0的无创伤缝线包绕缝合于瓣膜处的股浅静脉壁处,使管腔缩窄1/3(保持股静脉在痉挛状态时的管径)。
1.2.2 瓣膜外修补术 游离股浅静脉,在股浅静脉近侧找出第一对瓣膜,指压试验测试并证明其瓣膜功能不全,以7-0的无创伤缝线,从瓣膜远端静脉后壁中点开始,连续缝至前壁,针距2mm,不要缝透静脉壁,收紧缝线,使静脉口径缩小1/3,静脉痉挛消失后,再次做指压试验,瓣膜处膨大,证明环缝口径适当。
1.2.3 腘静脉半腱肌-股二头肌肌襻代瓣膜术 腘窝中点横切口,显露腘静脉,解剖半腱肌,将半腱肌止点切断形成肌袢,从腘动脉前、腘静脉深面穿过,于适度张力位缝合固定于股二头肌内侧部分肌腱,呈"U"形肌袢。
1.3 随访
1.3.1 CEAP临床分级[5] 比较手术前后临床分级(C0~C6)的变化。C0级:无症状;C1级:毛细血管扩张;C2级:静脉曲张;C3级:浮肿;C4级:色素沉着;C5级:可愈合溃疡;C6级:不愈合溃疡。
1.3.2 临床记分[6] 根据记录到的临床症状和体征进行记分,每出现一个症状或体征,即累计1分,分值越高,说明病变越严重。比较A、B、C 3组手术前后平均分值差。
1.3.3 随访情况 全组240条患肢术前、术后均进行CEAP临床分级和临床记分,随访率达100%;三组患者随访期为术后2个月~6年,平均20个月。
1.4 统计学方法 采用配对t检验对三组及各组间手术前后随访结果的差异进行分析比较,由SPSS 11.5 for Windows统计软件进行数据处理。
2 结果
2.1 CEAP临床分级 三组手术前后临床分级见表1。(1)A组80例术前临床分级:无C0和C1,C2~C4占47.50%(38/80),C5占35.00%(28/80),C6占17.50%(14/80);术后C2、C3和6例C4转为C0,15例C4转为C3,3例C4和3例C5、3例C6都为C4。(2)B组80例术前临床分级:无C0和C1,C2~C4占48.75%(39/80),C5占32.50%(26/80),C6占18.75%(15/80);术后C2、C3和18例C4转为C0,4例C4和10例C5转为C3,4例C5和3例C6都为C4。(3)C组80例术前临床分级:无C0和C1,C2~C4占46.25%(37/80),C5占33.75%(27/80),C6占20.00%(16/80);术后C2、C3和20例C4转为C0,2例C4和12例C5转为C3,1例C5和11例C6转为C4。
术后:三组的C2~C3均转为C0;A组中C4转为C0~C3占87.50%(21/24),C5转为C0~C4占10.71%(3/28),C6转为C0~C4占21.43%(3/14);B组中C4转为C0~C3占100%(22/22),C5转为C0~C4占53.85%(14/26),C6转为C0~C4占20.00%(3/15);C组中C4转为C0~C3占100%(22/22),C5转为C0~C4占48.15%(13/27),C6转为C0~C4占68.75%(11/16)。
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