医药学论文:原发性肝癌的螺旋CT双期增强特征及其诊断价值
【摘 要】目的:探讨原发性肝癌的螺旋CT双期增强特征及其诊断价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析56例经临床及手术病理证实的原发性肝癌双期增强表现。结果:56例共发现82个病灶。平扫呈低密度或等密度;肝动脉期91%强化,9%无明显强化;门脉期76%呈低密度或稍低密度,病灶密度呈"速升速降"的变化特点。结论:螺旋CT双期扫描可充分反映原发性肝癌的特征,对肝癌的检出和定性准确率的提高有重要价值。
【关键词】肝肿瘤;螺旋CT;诊断
The diagnoses value of dual phase spiral CT in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and scanning characteristic.
【Abstract】Objective: Evaluation the characteristic and diagnoses value with dual phase spiralCT in primary hepatocellular Carcinoma. Material and methods: We review analyse 56 examples hepatocellular Carcinoma that had approved by pathology verify or surgical operation dual-phase spiral CT scanning characteristic. Results:56 examples find 82 focuses altogether. They were reveal the low density or the low density slightly in plain scanning; 91% of Primaryliver cancer were enhanced in arterial phase. 9% were not enhanced obviously; 76% were reveal the low density or the low density slightly in portal venous phase, focus presents the change characteristic of" rising and lower rapidly " by density. conclusion:Dual phase spiral CT is a important value in the detection and charaterization of primary hepatocellular Carcinoma , it can improve rate of accuracy examine and determine the nature .
【Key Words】Liver neoplasm, Spiral CT, Diagnoses
以往常规CT扫描时间较长,很难抓住全肝的动脉期,定性诊断有一定困难。近年来出现的螺旋CT,扫描速度快,一次注射造影剂可获得全肝动脉期、门脉期和延迟期像,提高了肝癌的检出率和诊断的准确率。现对56例原发性肝癌的螺旋CT双期增强扫描表现进行分析,旨在探讨原发性肝癌的螺旋CT双期增强特征及其诊断价值。
1 资料和方法
1.1资料 56例原发性肝癌,男42例,女14例,年龄36~78岁,平均58岁。其中24例经手术病理证实,32例经临床实验室超声及DSA证实。
1.2方法 CT为德国西门子Esprit螺旋CT,扫描方式选择为肝脏双期连续容积扫描,层厚8mm,1.5螺距行肝脏平扫,然后用高压注射器经前臂静脉注入80~100ml欧乃派克,注射速率2.5~3ml/s。肝动脉期20~25s,门静脉期45~60s,有3例延迟至平衡期300s扫描。动脉期腹主动脉显著增强,肝动脉显影,门静脉无明显造影剂充填;门静脉期门静脉增强明显,肝脏显著增强,肝内门静脉分支清晰可见。
2 结果
56例共发现病灶82个,肿瘤大小0.5~18cm,平均4.3cm。≤3cm的结节34个,3~5cm结节17个,≥5.0cm巨块31个。
2.1平扫:发现病灶55个,39个表现为低密度,密度均匀者12个,27个密度不均匀者病灶中可见到更低密度的坏死区或脂肪变性。有6个病灶因伴有脂肪肝而呈高密度有肝硬化表现者12例。
2.2肝动脉期扫描:发现病灶82个。强化表现为病灶均匀性高密度强化28个;不均匀性强化,中心低密度区强化不明显45个;有9个病灶无明显强化,仍为低密度;病灶边缘及中心见到不规则条状、网状或放射状的血管影9个。
2.3门静脉期扫描:发现病灶71个,表现为低密度者63个,等密度灶5个,高密度灶3个。有6例可见到门静脉侵犯及癌栓,表现为门静脉增粗,充盈缺损或不显影;3个病灶见到肿瘤包膜环形增强。2例有肝动脉门静脉瘘,表现为门静脉早显,同时有门静脉腔内充盈缺损。
3 讨论
螺旋CT扫描速度极快,能在肝动脉期和门静脉期分别行两次或三次全肝螺旋扫描,弥补了一般动态扫描的缺陷[2]。其最大优势就是可以在增强扫描的不同时期进行扫描,充分利用肝脏的双重血供特点和肝细胞性肝癌主要由肝动脉供血的特点来充分反映病灶的CT特征,而且病灶有二次被检出的机会,因而使得肝癌病灶的检出率和定性诊断准确率有明显提高。
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