郑板桥在《兰石图》中题诗“敢云我画竟无师,亦有开蒙上学时。画到天机流露处,无今无古寸心知。”诗意体现了下列哪种观点

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• 1《农书》强调生产要“顺天之时、因地之宜、存乎其人”，在人事方面，则包括垦耕、耙劳、播种、锄治、粪壤、灌溉、收获等活动。这表明我国古代农业

  A.注重农时

  B.因地制宜

  C.精耕细作

  D.男耕女织

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• 2司马谈《论六家要旨》：“太史公仕于建元元封之间，愍学者之不达其意而师悖，乃论六家之要旨曰：《易大传》：‘天下一致而百虑，同归而殊途。’夫阴阳、儒、墨、名、法、道德，此务为治者也，直所从言之异路，有省不省耳。”司马谈认为六家共同的目标是

  A.达到天下太平治世

  B.维护等级秩序

  C.为统治者出谋划策

  D.实现君民共治

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• 3《礼记》记载：“夫礼者，所以章疑别微，以为民坊者也。故贵贱有等，衣服有别，朝廷有位，则民有所让。”由此可见，制定礼乐制度的目的是

  A.加强中央集权

  B.发展文化教育事业

  C.维护社会等级秩序

  D.打击地方诸侯势力

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• 4《钱氏家训·家庭》载：“家富提携宗族，置义塾与公田，岁饥赈济亲朋，筹仁浆与义粟。”这反映出古代家族

  A.具有广结善缘的行举

  B.固守传统的家庭等级观念

  C.具有浓厚的宗法观念

  D.遵循行善济世的乡风礼俗

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• 5顾炎武在《日知录》中说：“人君之于天下，不能以独治也。独治之以刑繁矣，众治之而刑措也。”这实质上是主张

  A.天下兴亡，匹夫有责

  B.限制君权

  C.天下为主，君为客

  D.民为邦本

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• 6莫言荣获2012年诺贝尔文学奖后认为，自己的创作深受《聊斋志异》的影响。清代文学家蒲松龄在创作中

  A.正面描绘中国商人的形象

  B.以山东方言表故国之思

  C.刻画青年男女的叛逆性格

  D.借鬼魂世界写人间好恶

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• 7下表是16—17世纪中国著名科学家及其成就简表，从中能够分析得出的信息有<table style="width: 216pt; margin-left: 4.9pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-alt: 0.0000pt 0.0000pt 0.0000pt 0.0000pt;" align="center" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0pt; border: 0.5pt solid windowtext; width: 51pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="68">姓名</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 72pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="96">生卒年代</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 93pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="124">著作</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt; width: 51pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="68">李时珍</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 72pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="96">1518—159</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 93pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="124">《本草纲目》</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt; width: 51pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="68">徐光启</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 72pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="96">1562—1633</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 93pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="124">《农政全书》</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt; width: 51pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="68">徐霞客</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 72pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="96">1586—1641</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 93pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="124">《徐霞客游记》</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt; width: 51pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="68">宋应星</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 72pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="96">1587—？</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt; width: 93pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="124">《天工开物》</td></tr></tbody></table>①中国传统科技进入总结阶段②当时中国科技成就与社会生产和生活密切相关③当时中国科技在研究方法上主要采取整理典籍和总结经验的方法④当时中国科技吸取了西方近代自然科学的成就

  A.①②③

  B.②③④

  C.①②④

  D.①③④

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• 8元代是中国戏曲的黄金时代，杂剧、散曲、南戏等都取得巨大成就，后世将其与唐诗、宋词并称。后人则充分肯定元曲的艺术风格，称其“文而不晦，俗而不俚”，“明白如话”，这种风格反映了元代

  A.城镇经济繁荣

  B.统治者政治清明

  C.戏曲创作者文化水平不高

  D.中外文化交流频繁

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• 9某小组在对古代中国一朝代开展研究性学习时曾搜集到以下一条重要史料：“我朝阁臣，只备论思顾问之职，原非宰相”。该小组所研究的朝代

  A.打破了长期实行的世卿世禄制度

  B.开始采取分割相权的方式加强皇权

  C.以内阁制为载体的代议制形成

  D.儒学思想已逐渐趋于僵化

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