what tool have project managers come to use to identify all of the costs associated with a project.

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• 1the zero defects concept

  A.is a performance standard for management

  B.is a motivational technique that promotes "doing it right the first time".

  C.is used by management to communicate to all employees that everyone should do things right the first time.

  D.a and c.

  E.b and c

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• 2the delphi method is well-suited for:

  A.decision-making

  B.forecasting

  C.overhead rate estimating

  D.all of the above

  E.a and b only

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• 3techniques that can improve communication include:

  A.establishing a single, one-way communications channel

  B.avoiding face-to-face communication

  C.using redundancy (i.e. saying it two different ways) whenever possible

  D.disregarding the sensitivity of your receiver

  E.all of the above.

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• 4during which phase of the project life cycle is the amount at stake lowest、

  A.concept

  B.development

  C.execution

  D.conclusion

  E.c and d

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• 5creation of project objectives:

  A.allows for data collection and analysis and progress reporting against which standards of performance can be measured.

  B.is accomplished by selection of measurable variables against which performance can be judged.

  C.is required before funding of the project by the project sponsor.

  D.B.is accomplished by selection of measurable variables against which performance can be judged.C.is required before funding of the project by the project sponsor.D.all of the abov

  E.E.a and b only

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• 6（    ） is a receipt issued by a carrier for merchandise to be delivered to a party at some destination.

  A.proforma invoice

  B.inspection certificate

  C.packing list

  D.bill of lading

  E.none of the above.

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• 7a program is characterized as:

  A.a grouping or related tasks lasting one year or less.

  B.a unique undertaking having a definite time period.

  C.a grouping of similar projects having no definite end that supports the product(s) from cradle to grave.

  D.C.a grouping of similar projects having no definite end that supports the product(s) from cradle to grav

  E.D.a project with a cost over $1 million.E.none of the above.

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• 8contingency planning should include all but which of the following、

  A.the development of a contingency allowance determined by combining (layering) various estimate segments to form larger estimate segments.

  B.the development of schedule alternatives and work-around

  C.the management of a contingency budget

  D.an assessment of project shut-down liabilities.

  E.a and c

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• 9from an operating or functional perspective, there are various objectives of purchasing and materials management. which is not one of theseobjectives、

  A.to buy competitively

  B.to support company operations with an uninterrupted flow of materials and services

  C.to develop reliable and effective sources of supply

  D.to achieve maximum integration with the other departments of the firm

  E.to attain approval from each department of every purchase

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• 10in order to achieve long-term quality improvements, management must do the following:

  A.motivate the employees with seminars, contests, and institute programs such as "quality improvement' day.

  B.create a quality control department and give the head of the department ultimate responsibility for quality improvement.

  C.implement of a formal quality control program with worker and management involvement.

  D.establish financial incentive packages for worker.

  E.a and d

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