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11931年美国工人很羡慕苏联工人,而60年后苏联工人反过来羡慕美国工人,他们各自羡慕对方的是( )
A.苏联工人的自由快活,美国工人的民主自由
B.苏联工人生活富足,美国工人生活水平高
C.苏联工人不用担心失业,美国工人生活水平高
D.苏联工人当家作主,美国工人民主与自由
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21990年,立陶宛率先宣布独立。接着,俄罗斯带头发表“主权宣言”,许多加盟共和国也发表“主权宣言”,宣布本国是主权国家,本国的法律高于全苏法律。这一现象反映的根本问题是( )
A.苏共已丧失领导地位
B.苏共党内斗争公开化
C.民族分离活动愈演愈烈
D.苏联已不复存在
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3普京在回答“你怎样看待苏联解体”时,引用俄罗斯家喻户晓的一句话说:“谁不为苏联解体而惋惜,谁就没有良心;谁想恢复过去的苏联,谁就没有头脑。”大多数俄罗斯人不想恢复“过去的苏联”,主要原因是苏联( )
A.片面发展重工业
B.忽视民主与法制
C.体制僵化,社会缺乏活力
D.与美国争夺世界霸权,造成经济困难
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4二位学者认为:“除了西方自由主义的民主制度之外,已找不到足以代替它且具有存活能力的其他体系。”并认为:“世界性的意识形态斗争不再存在,代之而起的将是经济流通、无止境地解决技术问题、环境问题,以及品味微妙的消费者需求之满足。”上述说法应出现于何时( )
A.英国光荣革命成功时
B.两极格局的确立
C.1917年俄国十月革命成功时
D.苏联及东欧共产体制解体时
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5赫鲁晓夫和勃列日涅夫执政初期都曾强调加强党的集体领导,但执政后期又都出现了较严重的个人专权,这是由于( )
A.高度集权的政治体制没有触动
B.两人政治声望和威信不断提高
C.没有对斯大林的功过作出实事求是的分析
D.两人都有较强的权力欲
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6“国家情况不妙。我们什么都有:土地、石油和天然气、其他资源;智慧和才能也都不错。我们的生活却比发达国家差得多,越来越落在他们后面……”这是戈尔巴乔夫辞职时发表的电视演说词。造成这种状况的根本原因是( )
A.社会主义理论的缺陷
B.苏联社会主义模式的弊端
C.美苏冷战
D.经济危机和政治危机的发生
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7下表为1976~1990年苏联经济增长率(%)简表。其中1990年经济发展出现负增长的主要原因是( )<table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 15.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.7pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">年份</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.7pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">1976~1980年</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.7pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">1981~1985年</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.7pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">1986~1990年</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.7pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">1990年</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">社会总产值</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">4.2</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">3.3</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">1.8</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">-2</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">国民收入</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">4.3</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">3.2</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">1.0</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">-4</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">劳动生产率</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">3.3</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">3.1</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt"> </td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">-3</td></tr></tbody></table>
A.自然灾害造成的破坏
B.戈尔巴乔夫经济改革不见成效
C.苏联解体导致的社会混乱
D.赫鲁晓夫改革导致的混乱
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82003年,俄罗斯科学院一位院士痛切地说:“我们俄罗斯人以我们自己的沉痛灾难为代价,成为耶稣,悲壮的走上祭坛,向世人和历史宣告:苏联的‘民主化’、‘私有化’完全是一条绝路、死路。”这说明他把苏联解体的原因归结为( )
A.“八一九”事件
B.苏联政局动荡
C.西方的和平演变政策
D.戈尔巴乔夫的改革
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