公元前453年，由三名贵族组成的罗马考察团前往希腊，经过近一年的考察，认为雅典的政治制度是“外观的民主，实质的独裁”。这种说法的主要理由是

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• 1“今我朝罢丞相，设五府、六部、都察院、通政司、大理寺等衙门，分理天下庶务，彼此颉颃，不敢相压。事皆朝廷总之，所以稳当。”材料所反映的有效历史信息是

  A.明朝时期天下庶务繁多

  B.由于废除丞相，造成部门之间相互扯皮，工作效率不高

  C.丞相制度的废除使专制皇权得到发展

  D.明朝时期由于君主不理政事，造成大权旁落

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• 2历史学名著《全球通史》中说“在中国长达数千年的历史上，有过三次大革命，它们从根本上改变了中国的政治和社会结构。第一次发生在公元前221年，第二次发生在1911年，第三次发生在1949年，”这三次“革命”是指

  A.小农经济的出现、资本主义经济发展、社会主义经济确立

  B.秦朝建立、中华民国成立、新中国成立

  C.封建制度确立、资本主义民主制度确立、社会主义制度确立

  D.中央集权制度的建立、君主专制制度被推翻、新民主主义革命胜利

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• 3比较英、美两国政体，表中序号所代表的内容应是<table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">政体</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">美国总统共和制</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">英国君主立宪制</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">国家元首</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">①</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">英王</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">元首的产生方式</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">选举</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">②</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">国家元首任期</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">③</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">终身制</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">政府首脑</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">总统</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">④</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">国家权力中心</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">⑤</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="113">议会</td></tr></tbody></table>

  A.①总统②选举③任期制④首相⑤总统

  B.①总统②世袭③任期制④首相⑤总统

  C.①首相②世袭③任期制④首相⑤议会

  D.①总统②世袭③终身制④首相⑤议会

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• 4在资产阶级革命时代，英国通过了《权利法案》、美国制定了1787年宪法。这说明了

  A.以法律手段限制王权，是这些国家革命的共同举措

  B.资本主义制度在欧美得以普遍确立

  C.以立法形式巩固革命成果是这些国家的相同手段

  D.工业资产阶级获得了独掌政权的法律地位

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• 5“今者由平民革命以建国民政府，凡为国民者平等以有参政权。……敢有帝制自为者，天下共击之!”材料出自哪一政党的誓词

  A.兴中会

  B.中国同盟会

  C.中国国民党

  D.中国共产党

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• 6有誓词称：“国民痛苦，水深火热；土匪军阀，为虎作伥；帝国主义，以枭以张。本军兴师，救国救民；总理遗命，炳若晨星。”誓词涉及的历史事件是

  A.北伐战争

  B.辛亥革命

  C.抗日战争

  D.解放战争

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• 71940年，周恩来在重庆与当时的棋王谢侠逊对弈时一语双关地说：“明人重炮，清人重马，我们应该重兵卒。”周恩来的话实质上反映了

  A.周恩来深谙历史知识

  B.放弃炮马，亦和亦战，能扭转中国战局

  C.只依靠政府军队抗战

  D.中国共产党依靠群众，实行全面抗战

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