农历2014年腊月腊八前后，我省各地普降大雪，应验了“大雪年年有，不在三九在四九”的谚语。这反映了我国传统科学(  )

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• 1张居正成为首辅后，“勇于任事，以天下为己任”。他制定了一个考成规制：以内阁稽查六科（六科是明初设立的吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六科，各设给事中，辅助皇帝处理奏章，稽查驳正六部之违误）；以六科稽查六部、都察院，六部、都察院稽查巡抚、巡按。这一规制的实施说明此时的内阁(  )

  A.已经威胁到皇权

  B.有了一定的行政权

  C.真正具有了宰相之实

  D.取得了中央的监察权

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• 2宋初采取“田制不立、不抑兼并”的土地政策，到了宋真宗时期变成了“百姓康乐，户口蕃庶，田野日辟”的景象。这表明宋朝的土地政策(  )

  A.释放了土地私有的活力

  B.导致了当时的积贫积弱

  C.促使其内部社会矛盾急剧恶化

  D.促进了自耕农的增多

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• 3中国古代讲究“同姓不婚”。春秋时鲁晋两国就不可通婚，秦晋两国却世为婚姻。“喜结秦晋之好”目的是通过婚姻关系建立起贵族间的宗法伦理关系。从政治角度看，他们这样做(  )

  A.有利于监督周王的权力

  B.有利于维护社会稳定

  C.维护了嫡长子继承制

  D.莫定了传统文化的基础

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• 4历史学家朱维铮在《重读中国近代史》中对某历史事件有这样的叙述：“（缔造者们）言辞的祟高与行为的凶暴，平等的许诺与特权的森严，恰成对比”这一现象(  )

  A.使鸦片战争失去人民支持

  B.使太平天国运动形势逐渐发生变化

  C.使义和团运动遭到八国联军的镇压

  D.使辛亥革命后革命党人分崩离析

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• 5甲午战后，朝臣和士大夫纷纷上折条陈反对议和。朝霞林院侍读奎华等一百五十五人联名上书认为“日本提出的赔款、割地的各条款是‘五洲所未有之奇闻，三千年所无之变局’如照此签约，后果必然是‘法人窥粤，英人窥滇，俄人西窥新疆，东窥三省（奉天、吉林、黑龙江）四夷入侵，各示所欲’”。材料表明这些朝臣和士大夫们(  )

  A.“天朝上国”观念受到严重冲击

  B.认为法英俄是继日后侵华的主要敌人

  C.强烈要求变法图强

  D.对当时中外时局的认识比较清醒

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• 6中国共产党七届二中全会说：“革命胜利后，需要一个相当长的新民主主义阶段，使国家实现工业化，国营经济不断壮大，待条件成熟后，再采取改造生产资料私有制，确立社会主义生产关系。”材料主要表明(  )

  A.确立社会主义生产关系势在必行

  B.社会主义革命正在进行

  C.向社会主义过渡需要一个长期过程

  D.社会主义改造出现过快现象

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• 7比较下表所显示的改革开放后中国某一时期各类企业产品出口的走势，从中可以反映出我国(  ) <table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .25pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .25pt solid windowtext" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 22.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.95pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" rowspan="2" width="95">年份</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.95pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">国有企业</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.95pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">外资企业</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.95pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">民营企业</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 7.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 7.1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">比重（%）</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 7.1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">比重（%）</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 7.1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">比重（%）</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 22.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">2001</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">12．5</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">50．1</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">7．4</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 22.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">2003</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">31．5</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">54．8</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 22.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">13．7</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 23.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 23.65pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">2007</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 23.65pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">18．5</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 23.65pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">57．1</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 23.65pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .25pt" width="95">24．4</td></tr></tbody></table>

  A.国有企业改革有待全面展开

  B.公有制为主体的经济制度得到改变

  C.对外开放的格局正初步形成

  D.民营经济也逐渐成为对外贸易的主力军

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• 8法国著名思想家菲利普、内莫《古典与中世纪政治思想史》中对古希腊的民主制度做了这样的阐释：“（雅典）城邦的范围内……尽管社会生活具体而言对公民都很不利，但从政治层面上说，公民还是被视为体制内部可进行互换的单一体，法律在这个体制内起到了平衡的作用，它是平等的准则。”据此，作者认为(  )

  A.城邦社会生活损害了公民利益

  B.公民在法律面前实现了真正的平等

  C.城邦公民的政治权利不受保护

  D.法律保障了公民政治的运行

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