观察与实验是生物科学研究中的重要手段。以下是四位同学在实验室中利用光学显微镜观察到的现象，你认为具有科学性的是

试卷相关题目

• 1下列关于生物学实验的描述正确的是

  A.酵母菌呼吸作用产生的气体通入溴麝香草酚蓝水溶液，溶液颜色由橙色变成灰绿色

  B.观察洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂时，在高倍镜的视野中可以看到一个细胞从分裂前期到中期的变化

  C.取人口腔上皮细胞用吡罗红甲基绿染色并制成临时装片，在高倍镜下可观察到蓝绿色的线拉体

  D.观察低温诱导染色体数目的变化时，最好选择均处于分裂中期正常细胞和变异细胞进行观察比较

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• 2在观察藓类叶片细胞的叶绿体形态与分布．植物根尖细胞的有丝分裂和花生子叶细胞内脂肪鉴定的三个实验中，共同点是

  A.实验全过程都要使实验对象保持活性

  B.都使用光学显微镜观察

  C.提高温度将使实验结果更加明显

  D.都需要对实验材料进行染色

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• 3下列关于生物学研究方法的描述，不正确的是

  A.利用不同色素在层析液中的溶解度不同因而扩散速度不同，可以分离叶绿体中的色素

  B.孟德尔采用假说-演绎法发现了遗传规律，摩尔根采用类比推理法证实了基因在染色体上

  C.在光学显微镜下可观察到细胞膜，但要观察磷脂双分子层则需使用电子显微镜

  D.证明光合作用中释放的氧气来自水、分泌蛋白形成所参与的细胞结构则采用的技术手段相似

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• 4下列选项中，两类细胞的染色体数目均可呈周期性变化的是

  A.蛙的红细胞与淋巴细胞

  B.小鼠骨髓瘤细胞与杂交瘤细胞

  C.人的胚胎干细胞与成熟红细胞

  D.牛的精细胞与精原细胞

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• 5按下表设计进行实验。分组后，在相同的适宜条件下培养8～10小时，并对实验结果进行分析。下列叙述正确的是<table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 23.4pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #cccccc; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="82">实验材料</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 45.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #cccccc; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="60">取样</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 79.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #cccccc; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="106">处理</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 82.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #cccccc; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="110" colspan="2">分组</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 46.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #cccccc; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="62">培养液</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #cccccc; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="72">供氧情况</td></tr><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #cccccc; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" rowspan="4" width="82">适宜浓度酵母菌液</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 45.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" rowspan="2" width="60">50mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 79.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" rowspan="2" width="106">破碎细胞(细胞器完整)</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 38.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="51">甲</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 43.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="58">25mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 46.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="62">75mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="72">无氧</td></tr><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 38.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="51">乙</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 43.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="58">25mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 46.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="62">75mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="72">通氧</td></tr><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 45.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" rowspan="2" width="60">50mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 79.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" rowspan="2" width="106">末处理</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 38.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="51">丙</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 43.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="58">25mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 46.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="62">75mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="72">无氧</td></tr><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 38.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="51">丁</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 43.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="58">25mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 46.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="62">75mL</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 18pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="72">通氧</td></tr></tbody></table>

  A.甲组不产生CO₂而乙组产生

  B.甲组的酒精产量与丙组相同

  C.丁组能量转换率与丙组相同

  D.丁组的氧气消耗量大于乙组

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• 6为了认识酶作用的特性，以20%过氧化氢溶液为反应底物的一组实验结果如下表。通过分析实验结果，能够得出相应的结论。在下列有关结论的描述中，从表中得不到实验依据的一项是<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr><td width="7%"> </td><td width="65%">处理方法</td><td width="26%">观察结果</td></tr><tr><td width="7%">1</td><td width="65%">常温下自然分解</td><td width="26%">氧气泡少而小</td></tr><tr><td width="7%">2</td><td width="65%">常温下加入两滴质量分数为3.5%的FeCl3</td><td width="26%">氧气泡稍多而小</td></tr><tr><td width="7%">3</td><td width="65%">常温下加入两滴质量分数为20%的新鲜猪肝研磨液</td><td width="26%">氧气泡极多而大</td></tr><tr><td width="7%">4</td><td width="65%">加入煮沸后冷却的新鲜猪肝研磨液</td><td width="26%">氧气泡少而小</td></tr></tbody></table>

  A.从催化反应条件看，酶有温和性

  B.从催化活性看，酶有催化性

  C.从催化反应效率看，酶有高效性

  D.从催化底物看，酶有专一性

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• 7在西葫芦的皮色遗传中，已知黄皮基因（Y）对绿皮基因（y）为显性，但在另一白色显性基因（W）存在时，则基因Y和y都不能表达。现有基因型WwYy的个体自交，其后代表现型种类及比例是

  A.4种，9：3：3：1

  B.2种，l3：3

  C.3种，l2：3：1

  D.3种，l0：3：3

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