完形填空与阅读理解连贯式训练法例析

 形填空亦属阅读理解，旨在考查学生在具体语境中"活用"语言基础知识的能力，即考查学生对英语语言知识的综合运用能力。因此，完形填空能力的提高，不是"做"出来的。要在平时的英语学习中，特别是在阅读理解中学会"赏析"英语语言。要着力训练自己在上下文具体语境中对英语语言的观察能力。比如下面被挖空了的完形填空的"原材料"，请先认真赏析整篇文章，从段落结构、写作特点入手进行欣赏，观察挖空的部分，并从上下文的思路和视角加以赏析，尝试推理所缺的可能是什么词。 
　　Michael，a typical American，stays home on workdays. He plugs into his personal computer terminal in order to connect with the office. After work，he puts on his headphones，watches a movie on his home video recorder，or plays baseball on the computer. On many days，Michael doesn't talk to any other ，and he doesn't see any people except the ones on television. Michael is ，but his lifestyle is very possible. The invention of modern technology seems to be cutting us off from with our fellow human beings. 
　　The world of is one area in which technology is isolating us. Experts say，，that many people will soon be able to work at home. With to a large central computer，employees such as office clerks，insurance agents，and accountants could do their jobs at display terminals in their own homes. They would never have to see the people they're dealing with. ，the way employees are paid will change. Workers' salaries will be paid into their bank accounts，making paper checks . No workers will stand in line to receive their pay or cash their checks. Personal banking will change，too. Customers will deal with to put in or take out money from their accounts. 
　　Another area that technology is changing is enter？鄄tainment. Music，，was once a group experience. People listened to music at concert halls or in small social gatherings. For many people now，，music is an individual experience. Walking along the street or sitting in their living rooms，they wear headphones to build a wall of music around them. Movie entertainment is changing，too. Movies used to be events. Now，fewer people are going out to see a movie. Many more are choosing to wait for a film to appear on television or are borrowing videotapes to watch at home. laughing with others，viewers watch movies in their own living rooms. 
　　观察、推理、分析之后，就此原材料进行完形填空练习。 
　　1. A. human beings B. colleagues 
　　C. family members D. employees 
　　2. A. fortunate B. dominant 
　　C. fashionable D. imaginary 
　　3. A. contact B. combination 
　　C. friendship D. cooperation 
　　4. A. recreation B. industry 
　　C. business D. consumption 
　　5. A. in addition B. for example 
　　C. however D. no doubt 
　　6. A. opening B. permission 
　　C. guidance D. access 　　7. A. exactly B. actually 
　　C. apparently D. casually 
　　8. A. In particular B. In addition 
　　C. However D. On the contrary 
　　9. A. immediately B. monthly 
　　C. absolutely D. automatically 
　　10. A. available B. unnecessary 
　　C. essential D. temporary 
　　11. A. machines B. bank clerks 
　　C. accountants D. insurance agents 
　　12. A. for instance B. on the other hand 
　　C. instead D. inevitably 
　　13. A. however B. besides 
　　C. furthermore D. meanwhile 
　　14. A. individual B. social 
　　C. affordable D. amusing 
　　15. A. By B. Because of C. In D. Instead of 
　　Keys：1―5 ADACB 6―10 DBBDB 
　　11―15 AAABD 
　　从第一步"观察赏析"到第二步"完形填空练习"，我们领悟到此题型的特点：完形填空是对运用能力要求很高的能力型考查题。能力的形成和"内化"不是机械"做"出来的。要扩大词汇量，提高英语语言的观察欣赏能力，即阅读理解能力，这才是攻克完形填空的关键。请就此材料再进行以下阅读理解练习。 
　　1. After work，Michael likes to ______. 
　　A. listen to music at the concert hall 
　　B. watch a movie in his living room 
　　C. run a program on his computer in his office 
　　D. play baseball with his workmates 
　　2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？ 
　　A. Clerks will be able to work at home. 
　　B. One can play baseball on the computer. 
　　C. One can listen to music without disturbing others. 
　　D. One can borrow books from libraries at home. 
　　3. What will the author most probably discuss after the last paragraph？ 
　　A. Games and sports. 
　　B. Personal banking. 
　　C. Music and films. 
　　D. International business. 
　　4. What is the main idea of the passage？ 
　　A. We may no longer need to communicate with other human beings. 
　　B. Modern technology seems to be separating human beings. 
　　C. We may no longer need to work in the office. 
　　D. Modern technology makes it possible for us to work and entertain ourselves at home. 
　　答案及解析 
　　1. 选B。细节理解题。可以在第一段第三句找到答案。 
　　2. 选D。第二段提到可以在家里办公，第一段提到可以在电脑上玩棒球，第三段提到戴上耳机听音乐是很私人的事情。只有D项没有提及。 
　　3. 选A。题干问："文章接下来可能会谈论什么？"运用排除法，排除已经涉及了的内容。所以，答案为A。 
　　4. 选B。阅读理解首先要关注文章结构和写作特点，文章第一段的最后一句可以说是本文的"中心句"，语言具有抽象概括的特点，"现代科技的发明似乎割裂了人与人之间的联系"。答案B的表述与第一段最后"中心句"（主题句）异曲同工。 
　　高三总复习时，好多学生在阅读训练中"急功近利"，盲目"练习"阅读理解。其结果是，做了不少阅读理解题，阅读能力就是不见长进。因为他们只见"树木"（题目），而不见"森林"（篇章结构），这样就梳理不出"文脉"。文脉不清谈何理解？清晰地观察和把握文章的篇章结构（文脉），是深入理解的需要。比如，本文的篇章结构是：第一段"引入"，第二、三段是"例证"。 
　　第一段"引入"，以生活事例得出最后一句的结论，实际上这也是全文的主题句。 
　　第二段"例证"，举例说明科技对当今商务的影响。第一句为本段的主题句。 
　　第三段"例证"，举例说明科技对娱乐的影响。第一句为本段的主题句。