名言谚语在单选题中的运用
考查考生对中西方文化差异的理解是新课程的核心目标之一,运用名言谚语考查考生对英语情境的理解和语法知识的掌握是高考命题者经常采用的方法。命题者或直接引用名言谚语作为情境,或使用与名言谚语相似的句式考查考生的语法知识。
一、名言谚语在情景交际题中的运用
1.在题干中引用名言谚语
例1 ―I'm sorry I made a mistake!
―____. Nobody is perfect.
A. Take your time B. You're right
C. Whatever you say D. Take it easy
解析:题干中的Nobody is perfect为谚语,意为:"人无完人。"根据语境可知,答话人在安慰对方,让他别紧张。Take it easy意为"别紧张,放松些",符合语境,故D项正确。
2.在选项中引用名言谚语
例2 ―It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.
―Well, you know what they say. ____.
A. There is no smoke without fire
B. Practice makes perfect
C. All roads lead to Rome
D. No pains, no gains
解析:第一句意为"我花了十年才创立了我的事业,我差点死掉了",强调创业的艰难。 No pains, no gains意为"没有汗水就没有收获",符合语境,故D项正确。
二、名言谚语在语法考查题中的运用
1.考查特殊句式
名言谚语常含有特殊句式,设题者或对这些名言谚语全句引用,或略加改动,以考查考生对特殊句式的掌握情况。
Follow your own course, and let people talk.走自己的路,让别人去说吧。(运用了"祈使句+and/or+简单句"的句式)
例3 (2014年高考天津卷)Give me a chance,____ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
A. if B. or C. and D. while
解析:题干是"祈使句+and/or+简单句(will+动词原形)"的句式,和上述谚语相似,若能熟记上述谚语,便能很快选出答案。C项正确。
2.考查强调句结构
很多名言谚语使用了强调句结构。
It is the early bird that catches the worms.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
It is a good horse that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles. 好马不失蹄,好妻不抱怨。
例4 (2014年高考湖南卷)It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ____ makes life happy.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
解析:本题强调主语not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do。该句和上述名言谚语的结构类似,考生若熟悉这些名言谚语并灵活运用,便很容易得出答案。答案为A。
3.考查名词性从句
英语名言谚语有的含有名词性从句。
What's done can't be undone. 木已成舟。(主语从句)
例5 As John Lennon once said,life is ____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
解析:题干引用了约翰・列侬的名言,意为:"当我们正在为生活疲于奔命时,生活已离我们而去。"分析该句结构可知,空处既是表语从句的引导词,也是从句的主语,只有what有此语法功能。答案为C。
4.考查非谓语动词
英语名言谚语中,有很多含有非谓语动词结构。
It's no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
To stand still is to move back.逆水行舟,不进则退。
Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。
例6 John's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It's no use ____ with him.
A. to argue B. arguing
C. argued D. having argued
解析:It's no use doing sth.为固定结构。该结构中it为形式主语,现在分词为句子真正的主语。题干句型和谚语It's no use crying over spilt milk类似。考生若熟悉这条谚语,便能很快得出答案。答案为B。
5.考查状语从句 英语名言谚语中,很多含有状语从句,考生只要熟记并掌握它们的句式特征,并能举一反三,灵活运用,便很容易掌握状语从句的语法知识,从而选出正确答案。
Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。(where引导的地点状语从句)
When in Rome do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。(when引导的时间状语从句)
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。(while引导的时间状语从句)
If a thing is worth doing, it's worth doing well.一不做,二不休。(条件状语从句)
例7 Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ____ the bus had dropped her.
A. until B. when C. although D. where
解析:用where引导地点状语从句,修饰动词短语get a taxi。答案为D。
6.考查形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
英语名言谚语中,有许多含有形容词或副词的比较级、最高级。
The sooner begun,the sooner done.早开始,早完成。
The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。
以上两句使用了"the+比较级……,the+比较级……",意为"越……就越……"。考生只要熟记并掌握它们的句式特征,并能灵活运用,便很容易掌握这种句型。
例8 It's believed that ____ you work, ____ result you'll get.
A. the harder; the better
B. the more harder; the more better
C. the harder; a better
D. more hard; more better
解析:"the+比较级……,the+比较级……"为固定句型。考生若熟记上述谚语,该题答案便显而易见了。A项正确。
7.考查定语从句
英语名言谚语中,有许多含有定语从句。
All's well that ends well.皆大欢喜。
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.自身有短,勿批他人。
例9 Happiness and success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
解析:用who指代先行词those,在从句中作主语,whom不能作主语,which指物,what不能引导定语从句。该句结构和上述谚语类似,若能熟记上述谚语,答案就能一目了然。答案选B。
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