罗马法学家西塞罗认为，“既然法律统治长官，长官统治人民，因此确实可以说，长官是能言善辩的法律，而法律是沉默寡言的长官”；“握有统治权仗的人可能更替，而罗马法却没有改变。”在此，西塞罗强调的是

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• 11978年底，安徽凤阳县小岗村十八户农民实行分田到户、包产到户。到1980年1月，全国有84.7%的生产队实行了各种形式的生产责任制，其中实行定额包工责任制的占生产队总数的55.7%，实行联产承包责任制的占29%，而实行包产到户、包干到户等家庭联产承包责任制的还不足1.1%。这主要说明当时

  A.家庭联产承包责任制迅速在全国推行

  B.农村改革的阻力不小

  C.家庭联产承包责任制不利于生产力的发展

  D.农村工作的主要问题是思想不够解放

  开始考试点击查看答案
• 2毛泽东同志在一次会议报告中指出：“迄今为止，国民党内的主要统治集团，坚持着独裁和内战的反动方针。有很多迹象表明，他们早已准备，尤其现在正在准备这样的行动：等候某一个同盟国的军队在中国大陆上驱逐日本侵略者到了某一程度时，他们就要发动内战。”由此可见，该报告应该是

  A.《论持久战》

  B.《新民主主义论》

  C.《论人民民主专政》

  D.《论联合政府》

  开始考试点击查看答案
• 3某和约批准后，清帝下罪己诏曰：“去岁仓促开衅，征兵调饷，不遗余力。而将非宿选，兵非素练，纷纷召集，不殊乌合。以致水陆交绥，战无一胜”，“其万分为难情事，言者章奏所未及详，而天下臣民皆当体谅也”。战后签订的这一和约

  A.最早规定了外国军舰可以到长江口岸航行

  B.首开了列强在华设厂“合法化”的恶例

  C.使中国独立自主的地位开始遭到破坏

  D.标志着中国半殖民地社会秩序的建立

  开始考试点击查看答案
• 4《易经﹒系辞》说：“形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。”与之相对应的观点是

  A.“形者，有生之本”

  B.“心外无物”

  C.“夫形于天地之间者，物也”

  D.“舍天地则无以为道”

  开始考试点击查看答案
• 5明朝内阁虽处中枢，但官阶较低，因此，内阁大学士通常由六部尚书和曾任经筵讲官（皇帝的老师）的人来兼任。这一现象直接导致了

  A.内阁大学士的地位提高

  B.内阁大学士的权力提高

  C.皇帝与内阁的关系改善

  D.皇权受到内阁的限制

  开始考试点击查看答案
• 6“从某种意义上说，哥伦布的远航不是第一次，而是最后一次对美洲的‘发现’。它的划时代意义源于欧洲对它的回应方式。因此，哥伦布的重要性首先可归因于欧洲形势的改变，而不是他到达了一个‘新’大陆。”这一说法

  A.肯定哥伦布发现新大陆的史实，肯定“欧洲中心论”

  B.否定哥伦布发现新大陆的史实，批评“欧洲中心论”

  C.否定哥伦布发现新大陆的史实，肯定“欧洲中心论”

  D.肯定哥伦布发现新大陆的史实，批评“欧洲中心论”

  开始考试点击查看答案
• 7历经 5个月激烈讨论后，1787年美国制宪会议通过《联邦宪法》。下列说法符合当时宪法内容的是

  A.总统可连选连任，无任职届数限制

  B.实行联邦制，完善中央集权体制

  C.众议员每州两名，任期六年

  D.五个黑人中有三个人取得选举权

  开始考试点击查看答案
• 8下面是第一次世界大战期间有关交战国军需品的生产量统计数字表(单位：百万吨)。其中协约国的产量在1917年大大超过同盟国，主要原因是<table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 14.4pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 11.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="59"> </td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 116.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="155" colspan="2">1914年8月1日</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 116.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="155" colspan="2">1914年9月15日</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 110.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="147" colspan="2">1917年</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="59"> </td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">协约国</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">同盟国</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">协约国</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">同盟国</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">协约国</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 51.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="69">同盟国</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 11.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="59">生铁</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">22</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">22</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">16</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">25</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">50</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 51.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.9pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="69">15</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="59">钢</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">19</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">21</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">16</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">25</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">58</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 51.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="69">16</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="59">煤</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">394</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">331</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.25pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="78">346</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 58.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; 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mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="69">340</td></tr></tbody></table>

  A.英法等国参战大大增强了协约国的实力

  B.同盟国实行国民经济非军事化

  C.美国等国参战大大增强了协约国的实力

  D.俄国退出一战大大削弱了同盟国的实力

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• 9沈志华在《一个大国的崛起与崩溃：苏联历史专题研究（1917—1991）》中说：“最主要的是，临时政府没有看清楚二月革命后彼得格勒政治舞台上的真正主角是不再承认任何权威的群众，没有把群众的迫切需要作为稳定政局的问题来解决，在一系列具体问题上拖延不决，结果最终被群众抛弃。”材料反映出二月革命后

  A.人民急切要求解决生存与和平问题

  B.人民强烈要求反对专制斗争

  C.临时政府没有掌握实际权力

  D.临时政府对外妥协引发人民不满

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• 1020世纪60年代初，某一国际组织成立宣言中指出：“坚持独立自主、和平中立和非集团的原则，增强在国际事务中的影响。”当时中国处理与该组织关系的原则是

  A.求同存异，团结多数

  B.勇于担当，敢于领导

  C.重视联系，保持合作

  D.权衡利弊，保持中立

  开始考试点击查看答案