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1女性,25岁。暴饮暴食后心窝部突然疼痛伴恶心呕吐两天。无黄染,体温37.8℃,脉搏90次/分,血压为110/70mmHg,左上腹压痛,轻度肌紧张,白细胞15×109/L,血淀粉酶64单位(温氏法),尿淀粉酶256单位(温氏法),下列哪项处置正确( )
A.半流食,针刺疗法
B.半流食、解痉、助消化药
C.禁食、补液、抗生素注射、解痉、止痛、抑肽酶
D.禁食、解痉止痛、肾上腺皮质激素
E.手术疗法
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2男性,49岁,嗜酒,过去有胃炎病史,三天前饱食后突感上腹部剧痛,恶心,呕吐数次,不能平卧。检查:血压90/60mmHg,脉率90次/分,腹胀,剑突下压痛,反跳痛明显。血白细胞19×109/L,中性粒细胞0.90,肝功能正常,血清胰淀粉酶8U(温氏法),血钙1.25mmol/L(5mg/L),最可能的诊断是( )
A.急性胃炎
B.急性胰腺炎
C.急性胆囊炎
D.急性阻塞性化脓性胆总管炎
E.消化道穿孔
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3女性,50岁,半年前因急性上腹痛住院,诊断为急性胰腺炎,经治疗后治愈,近2个月上腹部逐渐隆起,无腹痛及发热,进食后有腹胀。检查:上腹部摸到明显的巨大肿物,表面光滑,有流动感。初步考虑为( )
A.肝棘球蚴病
B.胰腺寄生虫性囊肿
C.胰腺假性囊肿
D.胰腺囊腺瘤
E.胰腺滞留性囊肿
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4男性,30岁,半年前上腹部曾受钝性挫伤,2个月前上腹部出现肿物,近来常有呕吐,但无腹痛出现发热。检查:上腹部有巨大囊性肿物,无压痛,诊断为假性胰腺囊肿,最好的治疗方法是( )
A.继续观察
B.穿刺抽吸囊肿内容物
C.手术切除囊肿
D.囊肿外引流术
E.囊肿内引流术
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5男性,47岁,急性腹痛5天,高热,上腹部可扪及压痛的包块。超声检查示液性肿物,尿淀粉酶1024U。应考虑为( )
A.溃疡病穿孔膈下脓肿
B.胰腺囊肿并发感染
C.腹腔脓肿
D.肝脓肿
E.胆囊积脓
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6A 56-year-old female presents at the emergency department after a sudden-onset middle and upper abdominal pain for 12 hours,and was diagnosed of acute pancreatitis after examination. Which of the following statements is FALSE about acute pancreatitis?( )
A.About 50% are secondary to bile duct diseases.
B.Bacterial infection is not a major cause of onset.
C.Further diagnostic evidence is needed if hematuria amylase is not high.
D.Sudden death is possible in certain types.
E.Residual pancreatic pseudocyst is possible.
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7A 42-year-old man presents with upper left abdominal pains for 1 day,and is diagnosed of acute pancreatitis. Which of the following statements about pancreatin test is FALSE?( )
A.Serum amylase is elevated within 1-2 hours of onset,peaks in 1 day,and drops in 3-5 days.
B.Elevation of urine amylase occurs later but lasts longer.
C.Acute pancreatitis is not confirmed even if both serum and urine amylase is elevate
D.D.Blood lipase is a less significant indicator than serum amylas
E.E.Amylase is normal in the abdominal puncture fluid.
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8案例:男性,52岁,反复上腹部疼痛4个月黄疸2周,无发热,消瘦明显。体格检查无腹水,下肢不肿,腹块未扪及。检查胸片(-),CT示胰体尾肿块累及胰头,肝(-)。剖腹探查见胰腺肿块与血管尚能分开,余腹腔无癌转移灶。该病人应选哪一术式?( )
A.胰头十二指肠切除术
B.胰体尾及脾切除术
C.全胰切除术
D.肿块局部切除术
E.不宜做任何切除手术
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9案例:男性,52岁,反复上腹部疼痛4个月黄疸2周,无发热,消瘦明显。体格检查无腹水,下肢不肿,腹块未扪及。检查胸片(-),CT示胰体尾肿块累及胰头,肝(-)。剖腹探查见胰腺肿块与血管尚能分开,余腹腔无癌转移灶。若术后,胰外分泌功能受影响,其严重的并发症是( )
A.倾倒综合征
B.胰瘘
C.胆瘘
D.脂肪泻
E.应激性溃疡
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10案例:男性,52岁,反复上腹部疼痛4个月黄疸2周,无发热,消瘦明显。体格检查无腹水,下肢不肿,腹块未扪及。检查胸片(-),CT示胰体尾肿块累及胰头,肝(-)。剖腹探查见胰腺肿块与血管尚能分开,余腹腔无癌转移灶。如有并发症,相应的治疗应给予( )
A.胰岛素
B.水溶性维生素
C.脂溶性维生素
D.大剂量多酶片
E.酵母片
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