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1案例:男性,52岁,反复上腹部疼痛4个月黄疸2周,无发热,消瘦明显。体格检查无腹水,下肢不肿,腹块未扪及。检查胸片(-),CT示胰体尾肿块累及胰头,肝(-)。剖腹探查见胰腺肿块与血管尚能分开,余腹腔无癌转移灶。该病人应选哪一术式?( )
A.胰头十二指肠切除术
B.胰体尾及脾切除术
C.全胰切除术
D.肿块局部切除术
E.不宜做任何切除手术
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2A 42-year-old man presents with upper left abdominal pains for 1 day,and is diagnosed of acute pancreatitis. Which of the following statements about pancreatin test is FALSE?( )
A.Serum amylase is elevated within 1-2 hours of onset,peaks in 1 day,and drops in 3-5 days.
B.Elevation of urine amylase occurs later but lasts longer.
C.Acute pancreatitis is not confirmed even if both serum and urine amylase is elevate
D.D.Blood lipase is a less significant indicator than serum amylas
E.E.Amylase is normal in the abdominal puncture fluid.
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3A 56-year-old female presents at the emergency department after a sudden-onset middle and upper abdominal pain for 12 hours,and was diagnosed of acute pancreatitis after examination. Which of the following statements is FALSE about acute pancreatitis?( )
A.About 50% are secondary to bile duct diseases.
B.Bacterial infection is not a major cause of onset.
C.Further diagnostic evidence is needed if hematuria amylase is not high.
D.Sudden death is possible in certain types.
E.Residual pancreatic pseudocyst is possible.
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4男,60岁,近1个月来上腹渐隆起,伴腹痛无发热,进食后腹胀。半年前曾患急性胰腺炎。查体:上腹可触及拳头大肿物,B超提示为囊性肿物,应考虑为( )
A.胰腺囊腺瘤
B.胰腺假性囊肿
C.胰腺脓肿
D.胃癌
E.胰腺癌
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5女性,25岁。暴饮暴食后心窝部突然疼痛伴恶心呕吐两天。无黄染,体温37.8℃,脉搏90次/分,血压为110/70mmHg,左上腹压痛,轻度肌紧张,白细胞15×109/L,血淀粉酶64单位(温氏法),尿淀粉酶256单位(温氏法),下列哪项处置正确( )
A.半流食,针刺疗法
B.半流食、解痉、助消化药
C.禁食、补液、抗生素注射、解痉、止痛、抑肽酶
D.禁食、解痉止痛、肾上腺皮质激素
E.手术疗法
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6案例:男性,52岁,反复上腹部疼痛4个月黄疸2周,无发热,消瘦明显。体格检查无腹水,下肢不肿,腹块未扪及。检查胸片(-),CT示胰体尾肿块累及胰头,肝(-)。剖腹探查见胰腺肿块与血管尚能分开,余腹腔无癌转移灶。如有并发症,相应的治疗应给予( )
A.胰岛素
B.水溶性维生素
C.脂溶性维生素
D.大剂量多酶片
E.酵母片
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7案例:男性,70岁,主诉上腹部疼痛逐渐加重来诊,近来疼痛以夜间为重,坐起前倾位疼痛可减轻,食欲减退,伴腹泻,脂餐后腹泻加重,2个月来体重减轻7.5kg,曾行胃镜检查诊断“慢性重度萎缩性胃炎”,上部胃肠钡餐无阳性发现,化验数次血糖增高。应首先考虑的诊断是( )
A.慢性胰腺炎
B.萎缩性胃炎
C.胰体癌
D.十二指肠球后溃疡
E.胃癌
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8案例:男性,70岁,主诉上腹部疼痛逐渐加重来诊,近来疼痛以夜间为重,坐起前倾位疼痛可减轻,食欲减退,伴腹泻,脂餐后腹泻加重,2个月来体重减轻7.5kg,曾行胃镜检查诊断“慢性重度萎缩性胃炎”,上部胃肠钡餐无阳性发现,化验数次血糖增高。血糖增高的可能原因是( )
A.合并慢性胰腺炎
B.合并胰高血糖素瘤
C.胰腺癌累及胰岛所致
D.并发糖尿病
E.合并胰岛素瘤
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9案例:男性,70岁,主诉上腹部疼痛逐渐加重来诊,近来疼痛以夜间为重,坐起前倾位疼痛可减轻,食欲减退,伴腹泻,脂餐后腹泻加重,2个月来体重减轻7.5kg,曾行胃镜检查诊断“慢性重度萎缩性胃炎”,上部胃肠钡餐无阳性发现,化验数次血糖增高。在下列疾病中,最应该与之相鉴别的疾病是( )
A.原发性硬化性胆管炎
B.肝内胆管结石
C.先天性胆管扩张症
D.胆囊颈部嵌顿性结石
E.壶腹部嵌顿结石
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10案例:男性,55岁,近1个月来上腹部胀痛,纳差,体重减轻,2周前尿色变深,继而巩膜皮肤进行性黄染,体格检查肝肋下4cm,边缘钝,右上腹扪及4cm×6cm大小梨形肿块。为确定右上腹肿块是否为肿大的胆囊最合理的检查方法是( )
A.扪诊时有无囊性感
B.GI检查十二指肠降部有无弧形压迹
C.B型超声波
D.CT
E.MRI
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