2005年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题

2005 年 5 月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题 Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points) The importance of agriculture cannot be overstated. More than 50 percent of the world's laborforc e is employed in agriculture. The distribution in the early 1980s ranged from 67 percent ofthose e mployed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In Western Europe, thefigure was abou t 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32 percent; and inAsia, about 68 perc ent. Farm size varies widely from region to region. Recently the average for Canadian farms wasabout 186 ha (about 460 acres) per farm, and for U.S. farms, about 175 ha (about 432 acres).The average size of a single landholding in the Philippines, however, may be somewhat less than3.6 ha (less th an 9 acres), and in Indonesia, a little less than 1.2 ha (less than 3 acres). Size also depends on the purpose of the farm. Commercial farming, or production for cash, isusual ly done on large holdings. The plantations of Latin America are large, privately ownedestates wor ked by tenant labor. Single-crop plantations produce tea, rubber, cocoa. Wheatfarms are most effic ient when they comprise some thousands of hectares and can be workedby teams of people and m achines. Australian sheep stations and other livestock farms must belarge to provide grazing for th ousands of animals. Individual subsistence farms or small-family mixed-farm operations are decreasing in number ind eveloped countries but are still numerous in the developing countries of Africa and Asia. A"backto-the-land" movement in the U.S. reversed the decline of small farms in New Englandand Alaska in the decade from 1970 to 1980. The conditions that determine what will be raised in an area include climate, water supply, andterr ain. Over the 10,000 years since agriculture began to be developed, peoples everywhere havediscovere d the food value of wild plants and animals and domesticated and bred them. Themost important a re cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, corn and rye. Agricultural income is also derived from non-food crops such as rubber, fiber plants, tobacco,and oilseeds used in synthetic chemical compounds. Money is also derived from raising animalsfor pel t. Much of the foreign exchange earned by a country may be derived from a single commodity;for e xample, Sri Lanka depends on tea, Denmark specializes in dairy products, Australia inwool, and N ew Zealand and Argentina in meat products. In the U.S., wheat has become amajor foreign exchan ge commodity in recent years. The importance of an individual country as an exporter of agricultural products depends onmany v ariables. Among them is the possibility that the country is too little developed industriallyto produ ce manufactured goods in sufficient quantity or technical sophistication. Suchagricultural exporter s include Ghana with cocoa, and Myanmar with rice. On the other hand, anexceptionally welldeveloped country may produce surpluses not needed by its ownpopulation; this has been true of t he U.S., Canada, and some of the West Europeancountries. Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points) 由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各 种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。但是，50 年的发展已经极大地改 变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌，西藏人民生活质量大大提高。社会经济的发展极大地丰富了 人民的物质文化生活。2000 年，西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众 生活达到了小康水平。随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机、摩托车、手表等消 费品进入了越来越多寻常百姓家。不少富裕起来的农牧民盖起了新房，有的还购买了汽车。 西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。广播、电视、通信、互联网等现代信息传递手段 已深入到人民群众的日常生活。绝大多数地区的百姓能够通过收听收看广播、电视，了解 全国和全世界各地的新闻。当地百姓能够通过电话、电报、传真或互联网等手段获取信息 资料，并与全国和全世界各地取得联系。由于缺医少药状况得到根本改变，人民群众的健 康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均预期寿命由二十世纪五十年代的 35.5 岁增加到现在的 67 岁。