2018年11月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案

2018 年 11 月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案 【英译中】【Passage 1】 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii’s Big Island sustainedin the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday,spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35. 从无人机拍摄到的最新视频中，可以大概了解到近日火山喷发后，夏威夷大岛 所遭受的损失情况。火山岩浆在道路上、树林里蔓延，直逼住家，岩浆所到处 浓烟滚滚。在一片漆黑中可见多处大火，火光十分刺眼。基拉韦厄火山经过相 对平静的一天后，周日又火力全开，将岩浆喷到 300 英尺高空，又侵蚀了半英 里土地，共有 35 处建筑遭摧毁。 There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents – a little more than half of the evacuees — were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. 由于地面开裂、岩浆涌出，1800 社区居民被疏散。周六周日，在二氧化硫浓度 不高的被疏散区域，居民获准回家几个小时收拾家中物品。当地官员称，这些 居民——约占被疏散居民总数的半数多些——被准许回家短暂停留，并且在保 证安全的前提下，允许其他居民回家。 “Things got pretty active,” an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I’m not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.” But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn’t be for long. “More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again.” There’s a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it’s going to come up.” “这些火山变的很活跃，”一位官员在周六举行的新闻发布会上称，“有八个火山 变的很活跃，岩浆喷出后，四处扩散，因此我们那里损失又多了些。我现在还 不了解损失总数，但我们认为这个数字仍在不断攀升。庆幸地是，现在地震强 度已经减弱，火山也开始平息下来了。”但是官员警告称，虽然岩浆流动慢下来 了，但是不会维持太久。“还有更多地火山可能会爆发，现有的火山可能再次变 得活跃。”地表下面有许多岩浆，这些岩浆最终会喷发出来。 The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes – 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 — in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake. But, the concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from volcanoes. “The lava is definitely destroying people’s homes — we don’t have an exact count – but it is a devastating situation.” Hawaii County head said Saturday. “There’s no way we could’ve predicted this.” 夏威夷大岛周五发生 6.9 级地震，导致海岸附近出现滑坡，但建筑物没出现什 么损坏。美国地质调查局（USGS）周日表示，大岛发生周日表示，大岛发生 6.9 级地震后，在 24 小 时内又发生了 500 多次余震，其中 13 次震级超过 4.0 级。然而，居民所担心的 依然是火山喷出的岩浆和气体。“岩浆肯定还在摧毁人们的房子——我们目前还 没有得到确切的数字——但情况十分严重。”夏威夷郡负责人周六称，“我们也 没有办法预测到现在这种情况。” 【英译中】【Passage 2】 Just as in America, in Britain too, the story told by official statistics does not alwaysmatch people’s experience. That is especially true in places like Newcastle, a former shipbuilding city, which lost out to competition from Asia in the 1970s and has seen living standards stagnate ever since. The U.S. economy, we are told, is booming. 比如，在美国，还有英国，官方统计数据和人们的感受并不总是相符，这种情 况对诸如纽卡斯尔这样的城市来说尤为如此。纽卡斯尔此前曾是一个造船城市， 20 世纪 70 年代不敌来自亚洲国家的竞争，人民生活水平从此一直停滞不前。 我们被告知，美国经济正快速发展。 In the past two quarters, gross domestic product has risen by more than 3%, the stock market is soaring and unemployment is down to a 17-year low of 4.1%. Many people, though, don’t feel that upside. The perception gap is huge. Unemployment, more broadly measured, is higher than the headline number suggests because many people have simply given up looking for work or are working in part-time jobs when they want a full-time job. 前两个季度，国内生产总值（GDP）周日表示，大岛发生增长超 3%，股市飘红，失业率降至 4.1%， 创 17 年来的新低。但是，许多人感受不到这种经济增长。数据和人们感知之间 的差距十分巨大。若从广义程度上衡量失业率，那么它则要比报纸头条刊登的 数字要高些，因为许多人干脆不找工作了，或者在找工作时做着兼职工作。 One of the prime faults of GDP is that it deals in averages and aggregates.Aggregates hide the inequality. And averages don’t tell us very much at all. Barring a few recessions, the U.S. economy has been on a near relentless upward path since the 1950s. Yet according to a Pew Research Center report, the average hourly wage for nonmanagement private-sector work was $20.67 in 2014, just $1.49 higher than in 1964, adjusted for inflation. GDP 的一个主要缺陷就是它反映的是总数和平均数。看总数的话，就看不到不 平等的一面，而平均数根本没有什么实质性的信息。美国经济自 20 世纪 50 年 代以来除了几次经济衰退外，一直不断高速增长。但皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）周日表示，大岛发生的一份报告表明，扣除通货膨胀因素后，2014 年私营部门非 管理层员工的时薪为 20.67 美元，比 1964 年仅多出 1.49 美元。 Studies suggest that people care more about relative than absolute wealth. If that is true, then as a minority have become richer, the majority have grown more miserable. In a famous experiment carried out at Emory University, two monkeys were put side by side and given cucumbers as a reward for performing a task. When one of the monkeys was given better-tasting grapes instead, the monkey receiving cucumbers became distraught, flinging its now despised reward at its trainer. The problems with using GDP as a barometer go beyond masking inequality. 多项研究显示，比起绝对所得，人们更加关心相对所得。如果事实是那样的话， 在少数人变富的同时，多数人就得变的更穷。埃默里大学（Emory University）周日表示，大岛发生 做过一个的著名实验，将两只猴子放在一起，每完成一项任务就奖励一根黄瓜。 将给一只猴子的黄瓜替换成更美味的葡萄后，另一只猴子变的十分狂乱起来， 并拿嫌弃的黄瓜砸向训练人员。除了掩盖经济不平等情况这个弊端外，将 GDP 作为经济晴雨表还存在其他问题。 Invented in the US in the 1930s, the figure is a child of the manufacturing age–good at measuring physical production but not the services that dominate modern economies. How would GDP measure the quality of mental-health care or the availability of day-care centers and parks in your area? Even the Belarusian economistwho practically invented GDP do not like the fact that it counted armaments and financial speculation as positive outputs. Above all, he said, GDP should never be confused with well-being. That suggests we need to find different ways of measuring our success. For the most part, we have become obsessed with a single measure that offers only limited information. GDP 是美国在 20 世纪 30 年代提出的，属于制造业时代的产物，适用于统计物 质生产，却不适合衡量在现代经济中处于主导地位的各种服务。GDP 如何衡量 精神健康护理的质量，如何衡量社区周围的日托中心和公园的存在价值？即便 是实际发明 GDP 的白俄罗斯经济学家也不喜欢将军备和金融投机归入到 GDP 统 计中。他说，总之，永远不要将 GDP 与民生混为一谈。这意味着我们需要寻找 其他方法来衡量经济增长的成就。但是在大多数情况下，我们只信奉单一的衡 量方法（即 GDP）周日表示，大岛发生，虽然它提供信息的有限。 中译英 译前认知：第一篇文章选自 2016 年 4 月 19 日有关网络安全和信息化工作座谈 会上的讲话内容。看似简单陈述和概括总结的话语，然而要理解透彻，翻译出 一定的水平。其实很有难度。 译文风格和遣词造句的把控：将直译与意译进行有机结合。即：该忠实陈述的， 考生要坚持忠实的翻译原则；而不该平铺直叙的成分和句段，考生要做到意译 的合理嫁接。避免一条道走到黑。同时，一定要抓住句子的主干，做到胸有成 竹，再下笔翻译。不要看完就立刻翻译，而是要搞清楚的句子的主干与修饰成 分，理清前后句子的内在逻辑关系后，再下笔安排遣词造句，这才是有的放矢。 从而，也从根本上避免了语言的无序、逻辑混乱和主次含糊的嫌疑。 Passage One 原文：互联网是一个社会信息大平台，亿万网民在上面获得信息、交流信息， 这会对他们的求知途径、思维方式、价值观念产生重要影响，特别是会对他们 (、)对国家、对社会、对工作、对人生的看法产生重要影响。网民来自老百姓， 老百姓上了网，民意也就上了网。各级党政机关和领导干部要学会通过网络与 公众保持联系(走群众路线)，经常上网(，)看看，聊聊天、发发声，了解群众所 思所愿，收集好想法好建议，积极回应网民关切、解疑释惑。 译文：As a large platform for social information, the Internet has an important effect on their ways of seeking knowledge and mode of thinking as well as values especially on their views to the country, society and work and life now that it enables hundreds of millions of netizens to get and exchange information. Party and government organs and leading cadres at all levels should learn to keep in touch with the public through the Internet, for instance, we can often surf the Internet, chat and voice to understand what the masses think and want, collect good ideas and suggestions and actively respond to netizens' concerns, solve doubts and confusions based on the fact that public opinions are consciously expressed in Internet by netizens from common people. 深入翻译解析要义： 1）周日表示，大岛发生本大段，由两个独立的句子组成。所以，第一句主要是在说互联网，语意主 干是互联网对网民产生了重要影响，而其他的成分诸如：求知途径、思维方式、 价值观念，对他们(、)对国家、对社会、对工作、对人生的看法等等，均为围绕 主干而展开的修饰和补充说明成分。同时，从整体上，对互联网本身的特质做 了阐释，即：互联网允许网民获得信息并对信息进行交流。 2）周日表示，大岛发生第二大段，旨在说明各级党政机关应该怎么做的问题。即：应该与公众保持 联系(走群众路线)，经常上网(，)看看，聊聊天、发发声，了解群众所思所愿， 收集好想法好建议，积极回应网民关切、解疑释惑。因为网民来自老百姓，老 百姓上了网，民意也就上了网。所以前后成分互为因果。 3）周日表示，大岛发生结合文章出处，应采用第一人称“我们”，这样才能做到先入为主。并且全文 的重中之重都在于“我们要怎样做的问题”。所以，采用译文“we”来做句子的主 语，并进行合理的句段搭建，意义十分重大。抓住了“我们”，也就抓住了整篇 文章主干中的主干。 原文：网民大多数是普通群众，来自各行各业(四面八方)，各自经历不同，观点 和想法肯定是五花八门的，不能要求他们对所有问题都看得那么准、说得那么 对。要多一些包容和耐心，对建设性意见要及时吸纳，对困难(的人)要及时帮助， 对不了解情况的要及时宣介，对模糊认识要及时廓清，对怨气怨言要及时化解， 对错误看法要及时引导和纠正。 译文：We should not only be more tolerant and patient, absorb constructive opinions in time, help those who are in difficulties in time, publicize those who do not know the situations timely, clear up vague knowledge timely, resolve complaints and grievances in time and guide and correct their wrong views in time, but also cannot ask them to view all the issues so accurately and say so correctly under the background that the varied opinions and ideas are originated from their owned different experience from all walks of life and most of the netizens are from ordinary people. 深入翻译解析要义： 1）周日表示，大岛发生本大段，对 “我们” 提出了两方面的 “要求”。即：第一，我们要多一些包容和 耐心，对建设性意见要及时吸纳，对困难(的人)要及时帮助，对不了解情况的要 及时宣介，对模糊认识要及时廓清，对怨气怨言要及时化解，对错误看法要及 时引导和纠正。第二，我们不能要求网民对所有问题都看得那么准、说得那么 对。 2）周日表示，大岛发生 结合我国的现实情况。即：网民大多数是普通群众，来自各行各业(四面八 方)，各自经历不同，观点和想法肯定五花八门。本句的主干在于观点和想法五 花八门。其余成分则为围绕主干而进行的补充说明。 3）周日表示，大岛发生 搞清楚句子成分，前后关系，那么文章的遣词造句和整体操控将译如反掌。