71案例:1岁半小儿,突起腹泻,大便每日10多次,黏液状,带脓血,伴恶心、呕吐、高热和腹痛。查体:T39.5℃,精神极差,意识模糊,呼吸深快,有烂苹果味,面色苍灰,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,哭无泪,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,脉细弱,尿少,四肢冰冷,心音低钝,可闻及期前收缩。化验:大便常规见较多的红、白细胞;血钠135mmol/L,钾3.4mmol/L,C02CP9mmol/L。该患儿的诊断可能为( )
A.病毒性肠炎、重度脱水伴酸中毒
B.致病性大肠埃希菌肠炎,重度脱水伴酸中毒
C.产毒性大肠埃希菌肠炎,重度脱水伴酸中毒
D.侵袭性大肠埃希菌肠炎,重度脱水伴酸中毒
E.出血性大肠埃希菌肠炎,重度脱水伴酸中毒
开始考试练习点击查看答案72案例:1岁半小儿,突起腹泻,大便每日10多次,黏液状,带脓血,伴恶心、呕吐、高热和腹痛。查体:T39.5℃,精神极差,意识模糊,呼吸深快,有烂苹果味,面色苍灰,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,哭无泪,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,脉细弱,尿少,四肢冰冷,心音低钝,可闻及期前收缩。化验:大便常规见较多的红、白细胞;血钠135mmol/L,钾3.4mmol/L,C02CP9mmol/L。该患儿的治疗应首选( )
A.抗感染、扩容、纠正酸中毒
B.禁食
C.止泻
D.微生态疗法
E.肠黏膜保护剂
开始考试练习点击查看答案73案例:1岁半小儿,突起腹泻,大便每日10多次,黏液状,带脓血,伴恶心、呕吐、高热和腹痛。查体:T39.5℃,精神极差,意识模糊,呼吸深快,有烂苹果味,面色苍灰,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,哭无泪,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,脉细弱,尿少,四肢冰冷,心音低钝,可闻及期前收缩。化验:大便常规见较多的红、白细胞;血钠135mmol/L,钾3.4mmol/L,C02CP9mmol/L。第一天的补液总量为( )
A.50ml/kg
B.60〜90ml/kg
C.90〜120ml/kg
D.120〜150ml/kg
E.150〜180ml/kg
开始考试练习点击查看答案74案例:1岁半小儿,突起腹泻,大便每日10多次,黏液状,带脓血,伴恶心、呕吐、高热和腹痛。查体:T39.5℃,精神极差,意识模糊,呼吸深快,有烂苹果味,面色苍灰,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,哭无泪,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,脉细弱,尿少,四肢冰冷,心音低钝,可闻及期前收缩。化验:大便常规见较多的红、白细胞;血钠135mmol/L,钾3.4mmol/L,C02CP9mmol/L。经入院治疗后患儿的呕吐和腹泻减轻,第二天体温正常,但输液过程中突然出现惊厥,应首先考虑合并了( )
A.低血糖症
B.低钠血症
C.低钙血症
D.低镁血症
E.低钾血症加重
开始考试练习点击查看答案75案例:10-month-old boy presents high fever and watery,bloody,mucous diarrhea for 3 days,vomiting and anuria for 24 hours with a paternal complaint of "refusing to eat and sleeping too much".Physical examination reveals a lethargic boy with a body temperature of 39℃,deeply sunken eyes,dry mucosa and poor skin turgor.His extremities are cool with capillary refill time of > 4 seconds.His degree of dehydration is( )
A.mild dehydration
B.moderate dehydration
C.severe dehydration
D.None of the above
E.All of the above
开始考试练习点击查看答案76案例:10-month-old boy presents high fever and watery,bloody,mucous diarrhea for 3 days,vomiting and anuria for 24 hours with a paternal complaint of "refusing to eat and sleeping too much".Physical examination reveals a lethargic boy with a body temperature of 39℃,deeply sunken eyes,dry mucosa and poor skin turgor.His extremities are cool with capillary refill time of > 4 seconds.In summary the total volume of fluid the patient need is( )
A.60〜90ml/kg
B.90〜120ml/kg
C.120〜150ml/kg
D.150〜180ml/kg
E.180〜210ml/kg
开始考试练习点击查看答案77案例:10-month-old boy presents high fever and watery,bloody,mucous diarrhea for 3 days,vomiting and anuria for 24 hours with a paternal complaint of "refusing to eat and sleeping too much".Physical examination reveals a lethargic boy with a body temperature of 39℃,deeply sunken eyes,dry mucosa and poor skin turgor.His extremities are cool with capillary refill time of > 4 seconds.Which kind of fliud should be given to the patient first:( )
A.10ml/kg,IV,within 0.5〜1 hour
B.10ml/kg,IV,within 1 day
C.20ml/kg,IV,within 0.5〜1 hour
D.20ml/kg,IV,within 1 day
E.30ml/kg,IV,within 1 day
开始考试练习点击查看答案78案例:7个月男婴,发热、腹泻5天,呕吐3次,大便5〜6次/天,稀水样便,偶有少量脓血。查体:T38.5℃,无脱水征。首先可除外的疾病是( )
A.细菌性痢疾
B.空场弯曲菌肠炎
C.侵袭性大肠埃希菌肠炎
D.产毒性大肠埃希菌肠炎
E.鼠伤寒沙门小肠结肠炎
开始考试练习点击查看答案79案例:7个月男婴,发热、腹泻5天,呕吐3次,大便5〜6次/天,稀水样便,偶有少量脓血。查体:T38.5℃,无脱水征。治疗方法可应用( )
A.禁食6〜12小时
B.静脉补液
C.用抗生素
D.用止泻药
E.用抗病毒药
开始考试练习点击查看答案80案例:1个月男婴,因“大便次数增多伴便中带血7天”于8月3日入院。患儿系混合喂养儿,平时大便呈黄色稀糊状,达3〜5次/日。7天前大便次数增加到5〜6次/日,偶有黏液血丝,无发热,精神可,皮肤可见湿疹,粪便WBC3〜5个/HP,RBC5〜10个/HP。经第三代头孢霉素抗感染治疗3天后,便中黏液血丝消失,但腹泻没有改善,继续原治疗,近2天出现低热,食欲缺乏,精神萎靡,粪便中黏液血丝增多并见少许黏膜样物。患者大便次数增多伴便中带血的原因最可能是( )
A.病毒性肠炎
B.细菌性痢疾
C.侵袭性细菌肠炎
D.乳糖不耐受
E.牛奶蛋白过敏
开始考试练习点击查看答案